Joint compressions give the body deep, steady pressure that helps the brain understand where the joints are and how they’re moving. This type of input feeds the proprioceptive system — the “body awareness” sense — which can help kids feel more grounded, organized, and in control. Many children become calmer, more focused, and better able to regulate their bodies after receiving this kind of input.
Joint compressions are often used as part of a sensory diet.

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How to perform

To perform joint compressions, place one hand on either side of the joint and apply firm pressure (think the amount you would use to apply a lid on your plastic ware) and release. Press and release up to 10 times (less if your child isn’t likely to stick out the whole process).

If your kiddo says “ow” it is probably because their brain and sensory system are not processing the input normally, not because you are pressing too hard. Lighten your pressure anyway and do not force them, rather encourage your child to try again, maybe while they are distracted with a favorite toy or activity.

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Where to do Joint Compressions?

You can perform joint compression on any joint of the body, below are examples of proper performance for the fingers, wrist, elbow, hip, knee, ankle, and chest. 

Body Part	How To
Fingers	You can perform joint compressions to each joint of the fingers by holding above and below the joint, use firm but gentle pressure pushing the joint together.
Wrist	Have one hand just above the wrist at the forearm and one just below the wrist on the hand.
Elbow	Place one hand on the upper arm and the other on the forearm. Line up the elbow to a straight position if possible (but not locked out).
Hip	Place one hand on the hip above the butt and the other on the upper leg.
Knee	Place one hand above the knee on the upper leg and one on the lower leg just below the knee.
Ankle	Have one hand above the ankle on the lower leg and one grasping the foot.
Chest	Place one hand over the sternum/chest and the other hand opposite on the back, use firm pressure pushing your hands towards each other.

Safety First: What to Know Before Trying Joint Compressions

Joint compressions are a simple and effective way to give your child calming, organizing deep pressure… but only when they’re done safely. Here are a few things to keep in mind so the experience stays helpful and comfortable for your kiddo.

Listen to Your Child’s Body (and Yours!)

Joint compressions should never hurt. Your child may feel firm pressure, but not pain, pinching, or discomfort. If they pull away, stiffen, say “ow,” or seem unsure, pause and check in with them.
Every child’s nervous system is different — follow their cues.

Skip Any Injured or Sensitive Areas

Avoid doing joint compressions on:

• Joints that are swollen, bruised, or sore
• Recent injuries (sprains, strains, fractures)
• Areas recovering from surgery
  If a joint looks red, warm, or irritated, skip it for now.

Keep Movements Slow, Steady, and Straight

Think “controlled and supportive,” not fast or forceful.
No twisting, yanking, or bending the joint in unusual directions — just gentle, straight compression.

Take Extra Care With Hypermobility

If your child has very flexible joints, low muscle tone, or a condition that affects connective tissue, their joints may be more delicate. Use lighter pressure and fewer repetitions, and when possible, check with your child’s OT first.

Not for Necks or Spine

Joint compressions for the neck or back require professional training. Stick to the standard joints like fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles.

Know When to Check With Your Child’s Provider

If your child has a medical condition involving bones, joints, or inflammation (for example, juvenile arthritis or bone fragility), talk with their provider or OT before adding joint compressions into their routine.

Less Is More

A good rule of thumb is up to 10 gentle compressions per joint.
More isn’t necessarily better — the goal is calm and organization, not intensity.

Joint compressions are generally safe when done correctly, but always check with your child’s occupational therapist or medical provider if you’re unsure whether this technique is appropriate for your child.

Learn about Sensory Processing Disorder.
Want more structured sensory activity ideas? Check out our Sensory Diet Activity Cards.